Umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga mu Mabanki yo kuri Interineti

Waba waraigeze uribwa amafaranga? Niba atari byo, birashoboka ko wakiriye telefoni cyangwa ubutumwa bwateguwe neza n'abariganya, bugamije kugukoza ku marangamutima, cyangwa bugufiteho amahuza akeka, cyangwa bukubwira ko hari amafaranga ya mobile money woherejweho by'amakosa kandi atigeze yoherezwa. Ntibitangaje ko abanyabyaha bo mu ikoranabuhanga bakwinjira mu mutwe bakakuyobora mu nzira z'amakuru y'ibanga cyangwa iz'ubujura bw'amafaranga? Ntukabe umuntu wibasirwa. Ushobora kwirinda wowe ubwawe n'ubucuruzi bwawe ibitero bigambiriwe ukomeza kuba maso.

Noneho, Cyber Security ni iki? Ni uburinzi bw'mudasobwa n'ibikoresho bigendanwa bihuza n'interineti, birinda kwinjirwa, gukoreshwa nabi, uburiganya cyangwa ibyaha bitemewe; ibyo byose bizwi ku izina rusange ry'ibitero by'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ibyaha byo mu ikoranabuhanga. Dore bimwe mu byaha bisanzwe byo mu ikoranabuhanga:

• Phishing - Uburyo bw'uburiganya bugamije kwiba amakuru bwite y'ibanga
• Social engineering - Ubuhanga bwo kuyobya abantu kugira ngo batange amakuru y'ibanga
• Sim Swap Fraud - Kwigarurira nimero ya telefoni y'uwahohotewe nta burenganzira
• Malware attacks – Kwangiza ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga hakoreshejwe porogaramu zagenewe guhungabanya, kwangiza cyangwa kubona uburyo bwo kwinjira muri sisitemu ya mudasobwa nta burenganzira.
• Hacktivism - Gukoresha nabi sisitemu ya mudasobwa cyangwa umuyoboro w'itumanaho ku mpamvu zishingiye ku mibereho cyangwa kuri politiki.
• State-sponsored cyberattacks – Ibyaha byo mu ikoranabuhanga bikorwa n'ibihugu mu rwego rwo gukusanya amakuru y'ubutasi cyangwa ubutasi.

Ukuri kubabaje ni uko umuntu wese, yaba umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa ikigo, ashobora kuba umwe mu bahohotewe n'ibyaha bikorerwa kuri interineti. Usibye igihombo cy'amafaranga, ibyaha bikorerwa kuri interineti bishobora gutuma izina ryangirika cyane, cyane cyane ku bigo, kandi ingaruka zabyo zishobora kumara imyaka myinshi.

Uburyo busanzwe bukoreshwa muri iki gihe mu byaha bikorerwa kuri interineti ni uburiganya bwo guhindura SIM card (sim swap fraud), aho abanyabyaha bigarurira nimero ya telefone y'uwahohotewe bakayikoresha kugira ngo binjire mu makuru bwite y'ibanga n'konti za banki binyuze muri porogaramu za Mobile Banking. Bamaze kugenzura iyo SIM card yahinduwe, abo bajura binjira mu konti z'imari z'uwahohotewe, bakoresheje amakuru y'ibanga bagiye bakura mu buryo bw'uburiganya cyangwa amakuru yabafasha gusubiramo konti, maze bakimura amafaranga yose kuri nimero za telefone zindi zibeshya.

Kubera ikoreshwa ryinshi ry'ikoranabuhanga n'ikoreshwa ry'uburyo bwa digitale, cyane cyane muri iki gihe cy'icyorezo cya COVID-19, umutekano wa interineti ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyane gikwiye guhagarikwa. Ibikorwa by'uburiganya byiyongereye cyane ubu kuruta ikindi gihe cyose, bityo ibigo bigomba kongera gutekereza ku ngamba zabyo. Raporo y'Afurika ku mutekano wa interineti ya 2019/2020, yakozwe na Serianu – ikigo cy'ubujyanama mu by'umutekano wa interineti n'ubucuruzi gikorera mu Afurika yose – igaragaza ko ibitero bya malware biteganyijwe kwiyongera, cyane cyane ubwoko bwakozwe cyangwa bwavuguruwe mu gihugu.

Iyo raporo kandi igaragaza ko ubukungu bw'u Rwanda bwatakaje arenga miliyari 29.5 z'amashilingi ya Kenya (Kshs.) bitewe n'ibitero bikorerwa kuri interineti mu 2018. Dukurikije inkuru yo muri Business Daily yo muri Gashyantare 2021, amakuru ya Rwanda Communications Authority (RCA) yerekanye ko hamenyekanye iterabwoba rirenga miliyoni 56 ryo kuri interineti mu gihugu hose, ugereranyije na miliyoni 37.1 mu 2019. Ikigo cyanasobanuye ko iterabwoba ryinshi ari ibitero bya malware bingana na miliyoni 46, bikurikirwa n'ibitero by'porogaramu za interineti bingana na miliyoni 7.8, mu gihe iterabwoba ryo mu bwoko bwa Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) bingana na miliyoni 2.2 ryamenyekanye muri icyo gihe.

Ni ngombwa rero ko hategurwa ingamba zifatika zo kugabanya igihombo cy'amafaranga n'intege nke z'imiyoborere y'amakuru, bityo hakazamurwa cyangwa hakabonwa icyizere cy'abakiriya. Ibi bivuzwe, ikintu cy'ingenzi kuri buri bucuruzi ni ukurinda umutungo wacyo n'amakuru y'abakiriya kwinjirwa bitemewe.

None se kuki umutekano wa interineti ugomba kugira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bwawe?

• Ubu ni itegeko. Ibigo bigomba kwitonda kuko hari ingaruka zemewe n'amategeko ziterwa n'ibitero bikorerwa kuri interineti. Vuba aha, guverinoma zo ku isi hose zashyizeho amategeko arengera amakuru bwite kugira ngo arinde amakuru y'abakiriya. Itegeko No. 24 ryo mu 2019 rigenga kurengera amakuru bwite mu Rwanda rigaragaza ibiteganywa mu kugenga itunganywa ry'amakuru bwite; uburenganzira bw'abafite amakuru bwite n'inshingano z'abayagenzura n'abayatunganya; n'impamvu zifitanye isano. Itegeko rirwanya ikoreshwa nabi rya mudasobwa n'ibyaha bikorerwa kuri interineti ryo mu 2018 rishyiraho ibyaha bitandukanye birimo kwinjira cyangwa gufata bitemewe muri sisitemu za mudasobwa, porogaramu cyangwa amakuru, gutangaza amakuru y'ibinyoma, iterabwoba rikorerwa kuri interineti, kwiba indangamuntu no kwiyitirira undi, phishing, uburiganya bukorewe kuri mudasobwa n'ibindi, ibigo bikwiye kurinda abakiriya babyo.

• Gahunda yo kugabanya ingaruka no kwitegura ibibazo byangiza izina ry'ikigo ni ingenzi kuruta mbere hose. Muri iki gihe cy'ikoranabuhanga no mu isoko rirushanwa cyane, ni ngombwa kubungabunga icyizere cyiza abakiriya bafite ku kigo. Nk'ikigo, uko cyagaragaza gukorera mu mucyo mu kugabanya ingaruka z'ibitero by'ikoranabuhanga no mu gukemura ibibazo igihe bivutse, ni ko cyunguka byinshi mu guhangana ku isoko. Abakiriya bawe, abanyamigabane, n'abandi bafatanyabikorwa bifuza kumva ko bafite umutekano kandi ko bashobora kukwizera – bitabaye ibyo bazagenda. Izina ry'ikigo n'uko abakiriya bagumana na cyo rero, biba bifitanye isano ya hafi. Muri iki gihe cy'ikoranabuhanga, ni ngombwa uko abafatanyabikorwa bawe b'imbere n'abo hanze babona ikigo cyawe, kuko bigira ingaruka ku nzira z'ubucuruzi bwawe ndetse no ku **cyizere cyawe** mu gihe kirekire. Gukorera mu mucyo rero ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga izina ry'ikigo cyawe.

• Ikoranabuhanga rihora rihinduka, bivuze ko n'ibitero bigamije kwangiza nabyo bihora bihinduka. Nta gushidikanya ko ari ngombwa gushimangira ingamba z'umutekano kugira ngo wirinde ibitero bitunguranye mu gihe kizaza. Nk'ikigo, menya neza ko ukomeza kuba maso ku bivunyiko by'amakuru n'ibindi byago bishya by'amakuru, kandi ugishe inama abahanga igihe bibaye ngombwa. Ni ngombwa rero gushyira mu bikorwa imikorere y'umutekano w'ikoranabuhanga itarinda gusa amakuru y'ikigo cyawe gusa, ahubwo inarinda n'amakuru y'abakiriya bawe.

Muri iki gihe cya kane cy'impinduramatwara mu nganda, ugomba gukomeza kwita ku mutekano wawe w'ikoranabuhanga n'uw'ikigo cyawe. Turi ku ruhande rwawe!