Ibyo ukeneye kumenya byose ku Mari y'Ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga

Mwaramutse, ndi umufasha wawe mu by'amabanki IMBA kandi uyu munsi ndashaka kukubwira byinshi kuri Trade Finance, nizeye ko ibi bizafasha ubucuruzi bwawe. Trade finance ishobora kuba ku bucuruzi bwose bufite icyuho cy'imari hagati yo gutanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi no kubona amafaranga yose ya nyuma. Hafi ya 80% – 90% by'isi ishingiye ku bucuruzi n'imari y'urunigi rw'itangwa, ikaba igereranywa na miliyari 10 z'amadolari buri mwaka.

Muri I&M Bank, dushobora gufasha ubucuruzi bwawe mu buryo bwose bukenewe kugira ngo bukomeze gutera imbere. None dutanga iki? Muri make, dutanga Inyandiko z'Inguzanyo (Letters of Credit) n'Inyandiko z'Ingwate (Letters of Guarantee), ari zo serivisi ebyiri zikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi bw'isi yose mu bijyanye na trade finance. Izindi serivisi ziri mu bijyanye na Trade Finance zirimo: Ingwate (Bonds), Gukusanya Inyandiko z'Ubucuruzi (Documentary Collections) mu gutumiza no kohereza hanze, Gutanga no kugurisha inyemezabwishyu z'ibicuruzwa (Bill Avialization) no kugabanya agaciro k'inyemezabwishyu (invoice discounting) n'izindi.

Ndashaka gusobanura bimwe mu bitekerezo by'ibanze bya trade finance. None bikora gute? Igikorwa cya trade finance gisaba:
Ibicuruzwa na serivisiUmuguzi.Umuguriza, nk'I&M Bank, uzinjira agatanga amafaranga y'ubu bucuruzi, naUmugurisha

Inguzanyo y'ubucuruzi ni ingirakamaro igihe umugurisha asaba umuguzi kwishyura mbere ibicuruzwa bizoherezwa, mu gihe umuguzi ashaka kugabanya ingaruka ze asaba umugurisha gutanga ibimenyetso by'uko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe. Ngiye kukwereka uko inguzanyo y'ubucuruzi yoroheje yakorwa, nubwo hari uburyo bwinshi butandukanye bw'inguzanyo y'ubucuruzi:
Reka dufate ko ubucuruzi bwawe bukora ku bikinisho by'abana. Wowe nk'umuguzi (mu Rwanda) wemeranya kugura ibikinisho ku mugurisha uri mu Bushinwa. Umuguzi muri iki gihe (ubucuruzi bwawe) azegera umutanga inguzanyo, hanyuma wemeranye na we ku bisabwa, nyuma y'aho umutanga inguzanyo azishyura umugurisha ibicuruzwa bimaze koherezwa.Ibikinisho nibimara kukugeraho ukabigurisha ku bakiriya bawe, uzasubiza umutanga inguzanyo ku itariki yagenwe yo kwishyura. Byoroshye gutyo!

Rero, niba ubucuruzi bwawe bugura cyangwa butumiza ibicuruzwa biturutse hanze, wakoresha serivisi y'inguzanyo y'ubucuruzi kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka zawe. I&M Bank ishobora kugufasha guziba icyo cyuho cy'imari no gufata inshingano yo kwemeza ko ubucuruzi bukorwa neza, bunoze kandi butekanye. Muri byo harimo kugenzura bimwe mu bigize imari y'ubucuruzi, gukurikiranira hafi uko ubucuruzi bugenda mu gihe cyose cy'ikorwa ryabwo, no kwemeza umutekano w'ibicuruzwa.

Niba wibaza uko ubucuruzi bwawe buzungukira, reba ibi bikurikira:
Bizongera imikorere myiza n'imigendekere y'amafaranga, byongere inyungu n'amafaranga yinjira.Bizafasha gukura ingaruka z'itangwa ry'ibicuruzwa ku muguzi ndetse n'ingaruka z'kwishyurwa ku mohereza-hanze.Birinda ubucuruzi bwawe n'umugurisha ingaruka zisanzwe ziri mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Izi ngaruka zihariye zijyanye n'ihindagurika ry'ifaranga, ihungabana rya politiki, ibibazo byo kutishyurwa, cyangwa ubushobozi bw'ubwizerwe bw'impande zirebwa.Bikwemerera kubona amafaranga menshi yo gukoresha mu bikorwa bya buri munsi no kunoza imicungire y'imigendekere y'amafaranga.Isosiyete yawe izashobora kuzuza amabwiriza manini atari kuboneka mu buryo busanzwe, bikagufasha kugera ku nyungu nyinshi kuko iyi serivisi yemerera kugura ibicuruzwa no kwishyura mbere, ibyo bishobora kugirira akamaro ubukungu bunini.Umubano hagati y'ubucuruzi bwawe n'umugurisha uraba mwiza kurushaho.Ubucuruzi bwawe buzarushaho gukora neza no guhatana ku isoko.Hazagabanuka imyenda idashobora kwishyurwa, kwishyurwa gutinze n'ububiko burenze, ibi byose bishobora kugabanya ibibazo biterwa n'abashyira igitutu ku kwishyurwa.

Noneho ko usobanukiwe uko trade finance ikora, reka turebe icyo abatanga inguzanyo akenshi basaba? Akenshi dusanga iyo wateguye ibi bikurikira, abatanga inguzanyo bashobora gukora isuzuma ryihuse kandi bigafasha ubucuruzi bwawe kubona trade finance. Dore ibyo wagombye kuba ushobora gutanga.
Raporo z'imari zakozwe kandi zemejwe n'abagenzuzi (audited financial statements)Gahunda yuzuye y'ubucuruzi (full business plan)Ibiteganyirizwa mu by'imari (financial forecasts)Raporo z'inguzanyo (credit reports)Amakuru n'ibyemezo by'abayobozi (directors) n'ibindi bisobanuro bibafasha, hamwe n'amakuru ku mutungo n'imyenda (assets and liabilities) n'ibindi

Murakoze gusoma. Tubwire uko twagufasha kwagura ubucuruzi bwawe.

Umufasha wawe mu by'imari
IMBA

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